Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
David Fabie
RFRVStructure at Enveloppe, France
Keynote: HOW PROJECTS ON HISTORICAL BUILDINGS INCREASES THE NEED FOR NEW KNOWLEDGES AND TECHNOLOGIES : CASE STUDIES OF EIFFEL AND MONTPARNASSE TOWERS IN PARIS
Time : 10:00-10:50
Biography:
David FABIE has completed a Master of Science in Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, and a Master in Architecture in La Villette School in Paris. He is the Head of RFR, an engineering company focused on structure and facade engineering, working on many architectural projects.
Abstract:
Refurbishment of historical monuments and old buildings highlights the need to increase our understanding of materials and methods to assess the properties of old materials. Increased security factors for safety and possibilities offered in the refurbishment of buildings, generate the need to assess, with efficient and reliable methods, our knowledge of what is by essence unknown : existing buildings. This need is increased since it is usual to find few to none documents from construction, while recent standards require advanced engineering and comprehensive knowledge of materials.
This matter becomes event more relevant when one considers that refurbishment and reconversion of buildings is an essential step to low-carbon strategies in construction. It implies that our understanding of existing structures, materials and details must be assessed with sufficient precision.
In order to develop this strategy we propose to introduce two case studies on which we have been working.
The first case study isthe total revamping of the Eiffel Tower’s north elevator . The Monument was built for the 1889 Universal Exposition and was initially designed to be a temporary structure.The structure used for the support of cranes was later dedicated to the elevators. Made of puddled iron, a low ductility material with anisotropic properties, the structure is now required to fulfill complex verifications according to modern standards (Eurocodes), including fatigue calculations, accidental load cases which lead to high level of stresses. This example shows how our need of security and performance generates an increasing need of knowledge of old materials.
The second case study is the total overhaul of the Montparnasse Tower in Paris. The presence of asbestos in facades compounded with obsolete structure fire protection of the building bring the refurbishment inevitable. Highest high-rise building in Paris after the Eiffel Tower, this tall building is now refurbished with the Client’s wish to increase its height and deliver modern standards to its users. However, the core of the building is located exactly on a metro line, and stands on prestressed concrete beams of great dimensions. The future of this building relies on our capability to mitigate the risks on our knowledge and engineering of its structural stability.
Generally and without consideration of Historical Monuments representing symbols of our past, our real estate heritage must be a support to our future and not some risky heritage, that we had better demolish completely rather than refurbish. When structural elements represent more than 30% of the carbon emissions, this point seems crucial in sustainable development.
Keynote Forum
Dr. Abdulqader S. Najmi
The University of Jordan, Jordan
Keynote: Design of shear reinforcement of Beams – New approach
Time : 10:50-11:40
Biography:
He completed his Ph.D in - Victoria University of Manchester, United Kingdom, 1980, - Professor at the University of Jordan, main interest in Steel Structures, Reinforced Concrete Structures, research area in Non-Linear transformation, applicable to beams, columns under the states of Uniaxial and Biaxial bending and Confinement of concrete under compression environment. Concrete filled steel tubular columns, the super column. Invented of the “U link” in Hollow Structural Sections. Pioneered the use of swimmer bars in the design of beams in shear. Extended the use of swimmer bars in developing the “Pyramid Crack Interceptor” to counteract the punching shear in flat slab and in the raft foundation in a very effective manner. Published more than 30 publications.
Abstract:
Shear failure occurs suddenly in beams without properly designed shear reinforcement. A set-up of swimmer bars system takes the shape of plane crack interceptors are employed to counteract the potential diagonal tension failure. Each counteract plane crack interceptor is formed by swimmer bars will generate a plane intercepting approximately and perpendicularly the inclined plane of the diagonal tension failure. A reference to testing programs of beams subjected to shear will be used; The results obtained from testing has proved that the efficiency of using swimmer bars system in beams has increased their shear capacity to more than 250% and has decreased their deflection by increasing the stiffness of the beams in the vicinity of the concentrated loads, moreover, the nature of the shear failure becomes ductile instead of brittle and obviates sudden failure. The ultimate strength of shear is limited by the compression shear failure. The gain in ductility can reach levels matching those in flexural behavior.
- Civil Engineering
Location: Stockholm, Sweden
Chair
David Fabie
RFR Structure et Enveloppe, France
Session Introduction
David Fabie
RFR Structure et Enveloppe, France
Title: TOWARDS MORE SUSTAINABLE AND LOW CARBON DESIGNS FOR FACADES
Time : 12:00-12:40
Biography:
David FABIE has completed a Master of Science in Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, and a Master in Architecture in La Villette School in Paris. He is the Head of RFR, an engineering company focused on structure and facade engineering, working on many architectural projects.
Abstract:
Facade design is esential to high energetic performance and sustainable buildings. On the other hand, facade components are becoming quite complex and heterogenic elements with variable durability and CO2 impact on the environment ; and at the scale of a building, façade durability can determine the duration between two successive refurbishments. This presentation first recalls the main energetic principles concerning facade design, showing how technologies have reached reasonably good performances. Recent facade designs are very often energy-driven. On a second part, the presentation deals with carbon engineering and low-carbon strategies for facades, which is a relatively new input in facade design. Eventually, the question of a good balance in the energy and carbon driven design is explored, as a way to go towards more sustainable and low carbon designs.
Angela E Robinson
Jamaica
Title: Building Materials for Hurricane (Typhoon) Preparedness
Time : 12:40-13:20
Biography:
Abstract:
The issue of Hurricane (Typhoon) Preparedness is of great importance to all islands or continents with land in the Tropical Zones of the World of significance is the processes for such preparedness as it pertains to buildings, safety, health, financial security, property insurance, sustainability and well being. In the Northern Hemisphere these weather conditions are called Hurricanes having their own seasons starting in June and ending in early November, Typhoons also follow this pattern except they exist in the Southern Hemisphere. Predictions, climate change, severity and knowledge are the most important factors people who inhabit these hurricane zones face in becoming prepared each year, which can be financially costly even with loss of life sometimes. Hence the importance of correct building preparedness is put in place in order to aid in averting widespread disasters such as destruction of buildings and flooding.
NOAA and other international weather experts and specially created governmental agencies has taken the lead in advisories pertaining to such weather conditions (eg) ODPEM, UNICEF – Jamaica W.I.
This Abstract is to highlight the use of building codes and standards in the construction industry as well as the building construction methods and materials used during maintenance, financial overview and legislation to oversee these aspects. Building designs should give clear details of roofing systems (e.g.) timber framed structures and roofs, use of hurricane straps and other fasteners and fixtures used to secure building materials structurally, roof drains, gutters and pitch of roofs (geometrical alignment). The correct foundation suitable for the soil type and height of floor level in waterlogged areas. Windows and doors style and types and the use of shutters to prevent water and wind access. Concrete structures and slab roofs details to ensure the concrete mix design, reinforcement and roof designs (concrete slab or timber), Legislation to prevent the building of shacks / plywood houses on river sides, gully banks or sea sides. Modern buildings (skyscrapers) to be equipped with adequate water storage and back up electricity, internet wi-fi etc. Funding, or lack of, also dictates the recovery processes hence the necessity of home and disaster insurance, mandatory saving or access to public funds through the Income Tax system to aid in the recovery processes. Active building preventative maintenance processes for the re-securing of timber framed structures and roof, inspection and replacement of faulty or damaged members, windows, doors and shutters. Inspection of concrete structures, slab roofs for leaks and rigidity of all structures for expected wind conditions. With legislation making the adherence to building codes and standards mandatory the incidence of climate change occurrences, hurricanes and typhoons should become less disastrous thus ensuring better management of these weather patterns and seasons by the population.
Ahmed Hammad
University of Alberta, Canada
Title: Application of fuzzy TOPSIS for selecting most sustainable building wall material in United Arab Emirates
Time : 13:20-14:00
Biography:
Ahmed Hammad has recently joined University of Alberta as an Associate Professor in Construction Engineering and Management after two years at University of Sharjah in UAE. Prior to joining academia, He spent 25 years in construction industry as a Project Planning and Control Manager. He has experience working on Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) phases of several mega multi-billion dollar projects. These projects were planned and executed in Canada, USA, South Korea, UAE, Australia and Egypt. He has published several journal and conference papers and developed integrated project planning and control systems for three global EPC firms.
Abstract:
During the design phase of any building facility, appropriate selection of construction materials is crucial for the success of the entire project. Poor choice of materials can lead to higher costs during construction, higher long-term operation and maintenance expenses, and even endangering humans and the surrounding environment. Since the three pillars of sustainability covers the economic, social, and environmental aspects, adoption of sustainability principles in decision making will ensure selecting of optimum construction materials. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of both selection of sustainable construction materials and available decision making models. After that, the paper presents a generic model to utilize fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) principles to compare four wall material alternatives in light of sustainability criteria using normalized fuzzy matrices. The proposed alternatives are: Traditional Block, Sandwich Block, Sandwich Panel and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Panel (AACP). Several semi-structured interviews and meetings with industry experts representing material suppliers, engineering consultants and construction contractors in United Arab Emirates (UAE) took place during this research. These meetings provided six selection criteria under the three main sustainability categories, agreed-upon weight for each criteria, and evaluation of the four wall material alternatives. Results obtained from consulted experts presented Sandwich Panels as the most sustainable alternative. However, the developed model is generic and can be implemented on any construction project and the optimum selection will change according to the decision-makers’ opinions, concerns and preferences.