3^rd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Structural Materials October 16-17, 2020 Munich, Germany

Biography:

Abstract:

Land leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation and cultivation. Although land leveling with machines require considerable amount of energy, it delivers a suitable surface slope with minimal deterioration of the soil and damage to plants and other organisms in the soil. Notwithstanding, researchers during recent years have tried to reduce fossil fuel consumption and its deleterious side effects using new techniques such as; Artificial Neural Network (ANN),Imperialist Competitive Algorithm –ANN (ICA-ANN), and regression and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) andSensitivity Analysis that will lead to a noticeable improvement in the environment. In this research effects of various soil properties such as Embankment Volume, Soil Compressibility Factor, Specific Gravity, Moisture Content, Slope, Sand Percent, and Soil Swelling Index in energy consumption were investigated. The study was consisted of 90 samples were collected from 3 different regions. The grid size was set 20 m in 20 m (20*20) from a farmland in Karaj province of Iran. The aim of this work was to determine best linear model Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Sensitivity Analysis  in order to predict the energy consumption for land leveling. According to the results of Sensitivity Analysis, only three parameters; Density, Soil Compressibility Factor and, Embankment Volume Index had significant effect on fuel consumption. According to the results of regression, only three parameters; Slope, Cut-Fill Volume (V) and, Soil Swelling Index (SSI)  had significant effect on energy consumption. using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for prediction of labor energy, fuel energy, total machinery cost, and total machinery energy can be successfully demonstrated. In comparison with ANN, all ICA-ANN models had higher accuracy in prediction according to their higher R2 value and lower RMSE value. The performance of the multivariate ICA-ANN and regression and artificial neural network and  Sensitivity analysis and Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model was evaluated by using statistical index (RMSE, R2 )). The values of RMSE and R2 derived by ICA-ANN model were, to Labor Energy (0.0146 and 0.9987), Fuel energy (0.0322 and 0.9975), Total Machinery Cost (0.0248 and 0.9963), Total Machinery Energy (0.0161 and 0.9987) respectively, while these parameters for multivariate regression model were, to Labor Energy (0.1394 and 0.9008), Fuel energy (0.1514 and 0.8913), Total Machinery Cost (TMC) (0.1492 and 0.9128), Total Machinery Energy (0.1378 and 0.9103).Respectively, while these parameters for ANN model were, to Labor Energy (0.0159 and 0.9990), Fuel energy (0.0206 and 0.9983), Total Machinery Cost (0.0287 and 0.9966), Total Machinery Energy (0.0157 and 0.9990) respectively, while these parameters for Sensitivity analysis model were, to Labor Energy (0.1899 and 0.8631), Fuel energy (0.8562 and 0.0206), Total Machinery Cost (0.1946 and 0.8581),  Total Machinery Energy (0.1892 and 0.8437) respectively, respectively, while these parameters for ANFIS model were, to Labor Energy (0.0159 and 0.9990), Fuel energy (0.0206 and 0.9983), Total Machinery Cost (0.0287 and 0.9966),  Total Machinery Energy (0.0157  and 0.9990) respectively, Results showed that ICA_ANN with seven neurons in hidden layer had better.

Biography:

bira & koosha are Ma. student of Project Management and Construction in tehran . They are researchers in the field of historical structures. And they are currently engaged in research and study in this field.

Abstract:

Referring to the fact that the history of each country is the identity of its people and the preservation of originality and culture is also considered as a social value, the maintenance of valuable historical monuments, which indicates the path to the growth of human civilization, is of particular importance. Each country is trying to prevent the destruction of its historic buildings and cultural heritage by applying various methods of reparation and retrofitting. Iran, as a country with an ancient civilization, is a heritage of many valuable historical monuments. Traditional construction materials included masonry materials such as clay and mud, stone, wood and brick, and due to the weakness in physical structure and their low shear capacity and tensile strength, these materials do not have strength for example against strong forces from earthquakes and are suffered heavy damages. Unfortunately, in our country, fundamental work has not been performed on historical sites and complexes so far, and practically, the measures have been taken without any improvement in the structural performance of the buildings. Using special technical and specialized methods, the seismic behavior of such buildings could be enhanced against the seismic forces caused by the earthquake, and minimize the damage on the historical buildings to the least possible extent by strengthening historical monuments. In this paper, by separating the components, we examine a number of strengthening methods belonging to each of them.

Biography:

Czesław Suchocki has completed his PhD at the age of 34 years from University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. He deals with geosciences, especially the application terrestrial laser scanning technique in BIM. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and he is a member Central European Civil Engineering Meeting.

Abstract:

The exploration and conquest of extra-terrestrial bodies in the Solar System (e.g. the Moon and Mars) is very likely in a near future. Therefore, the construction of lunar and mars based structures is increasingly discussed by the scientific community worldwide.  Various concepts have been proposed for lunar and mars structures. For instance, 3D printing of building components from lunar regolith, use of natural caves for the construction of lunar bases, or inflatable pressurized tensile structures using fiber composites for human-friendly habitats. A fast, accurate and remote measuring technique is needed for these types of construction tasks. The terrestrial laser scanning technique (TLS) may be used for such project. To check the suitability of TLS techniques to be used on the Moon or Mars, initial measurements must be conducted on Earth. Unfortunately, extra-terrestrial soils are not available for general research for example to test a large scale structures. The only feasible solution is to use comparable materials e.g. artificial lunar and mars soil materials to practice exploration strategies. Multiple lunar soil simulants (LSSs) and mars soil simulants (MSSs), have been already developed. In this investigation, simulants developed by Zarzycki and Katzer 2019 were used.  The main aim of this research is radiometric analysis of TLS point clouds from the measurement of lunar and mars soil simulants. The detailed research focuses on the analysis of laser beam dispersion and absorption in soil simulants. It should be noted that, the dispersion and absorption of the laser beam for the scanned surface is a key factor in TLS remote measurements. The potential of TLSs in this investigation were tested using the time-of-flight scanner Leica ScanStation C10 and phase-shift scanner Z+F IMAGER 5016. The test results were also collated and compared.

Biography:

Sajith has completed his PhD from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India and have been working as a Assistant Professor at National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. His field of specialization is steel structures, stability of structures and structural mechanics. Sajith is working as a Research scholar under Dr. Raghavan Ramalingam for his Master of Science degree. He completed his bachelor of technology degree from Kerala University.

Abstract:

Single layered lattice structures such as geodesic domes have gained prominence in research as a result of their large deflection and post-buckling behaviour. Extensive studies have been conducted in the past on the joint components used in these structures. The most commonly used joints like welded hollow spherical joints (ball-nodes) have numerous investigations focussing on stiffness characteristics and their effect on the post-buckling behaviour of lattice domes. Circular plated joints have frequent application in geodesic domes, but research work on their behaviour and their effect on the dome are limited. The main factors influencing these joint characteristics are the relative dimensions of the members and joints, and the forces carried by the members at different locations of the structure. This study aims to establish a relation between the deformability of the circular plated joints, the dimensions of the joint and the forces from the connecting members. The numerical investigations are carried out by nonlinear finite element analysis of the joint considering material nonlinearity and contact surfaces in the commercial software ABAQUS. Conclusions on the type of failure and deformability of these joints under the different loading conditions will be presented based on the results of the numerical investigations. Recommendations on the design of circular plated joints will also be provided from the investigations. In future studies, these results can be applied to perform the post buckling analysis of single layer lattice domes with consideration deformation of joint plates.

Biography:

Sara is a graduate student pursing her Master’s Degree in Construction Management at the American University in Cairo. Sara received her Bachelor’s Degree in Construction Engineering Management from The Amercian University in Cairo as well. She currently works in an International Cost Consultancy and has 5 years of professional experience in this field.
 

Abstract:

The contractor’s cash shortage during the progress of a construction project,  leads to delays, penalties and may lead to project failure. Since the net difference between the cash  inflow and cash outflow during construction, must be financed by the contractor, the contractor must consider methods to improve  their cash flow  inorder to maximize the profit margin and  minimize the financing costs. Several studies have covered  optimization of cash flow and optimization of financing costs, separately. This model integrates both studies to come up with the optimum  cash flow schedule that covers the lack of cash with maximum profitability. The model proposes different ways to overcome the deficit in cash flow; first by minimizing the amount of financing required through shifting the activities with lag to optimize the cash flow,  without extending the project duration, then evaluating different financing alternatives. The outcome of the model is         a modified cash flow for the project with less financing required from the contractor, and optimized schedules of financing inflow and outflow based on the best financing alternative, that covers the lack of cash with the minimum financing cost. Finally, the model studies and evaluates another solution through considering a negotiable bid by increasing the advance payment and decreasing the profit margin. The model has been tested  and sensitivity analysis has been performed.

Biography:

Ebrahim  is currently a PHD student in civil Engineering at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). He is an enthusiastic and highly motivated civil engineer who has considerable international experience (in Ethiopia & Djibouti and Malaysia) in working on infrastructure, utilities, geotechnical, structural, bridges,water and drainage projects.

Abstract:

The field of construction is one of the risky fields therefore; the situation makes the safety measurements the most important element to be taken . The study discusses the significance of safety management associated with the Malaysian building field with the help of the BIM utilization also to encourage the BIM usage and its implementation in terms of safety management between the members in the country. The review of the literature was studied to discuss and highlight the BIM utilization safety management of construction industry. Six semi arrangement interviews have been conducted. In addition to this the construction players, for instance, contractors, clients and the consultants of the BIM who are experts in construction schemes in the country (Malaysia) .The interviews discovered that the BIM has the seven privileged that enhancing the drafting of 2D transform the convenience usage of data to enhance harmonization to enhance exactness also capability, provision management besides improving the safety.As for the safety area is concerned there are five where the BIM can enhance that are mine risk management plan, crane management plan. Fell defense plan, the training of emergency response preparation, the Logistic planning of construction field, regular maintenance besides a forensic Investigation.  The results out of the interviews showed clear confirmation of the possibility of the development of the safety management To execution of the BIM, There are three (3) techniques to augment the employ of BIM for safer management in the Malaysian building engineering such as the state’s function, clear strategy, standards, and technological codes besides education and hence, the study could promote BIM execution in safer management in the country construction industry.

Biography:

Czesław Suchocki has completed his PhD at the age of 34 years from University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. He deals with geosciences, especially the application terrestrial laser scanning technique in BIM. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and he is a member Central European Civil Engineering Meeting.

Abstract:

Building information modelling (BIM) is a still evolving technology for storing and exchanging knowledge about buildings. The success of BIM implementation relies on the up-to-date and accurate building models. However, the building models very often can be inaccurate and out-of-date. Obtaining the up-to-date information about the technical condition of architectural structures allows the terrestrial laser scanning techniques (TLS). The product of TLS measurements is a 3D (XYZ) point cloud captured with high-resolution and high-accuracy. Apart from 3D coordinates, TLS can register the intensity of a laser beam reflected by an object. The intensity value depends mainly on the physical and chemical properties of examined areas. The intensity can provide support for defect detection in building walls. For instance, detection of moisture, walls weathering, salt blooming, bio-deterioration, also cracks and cavities. Thus, TLS dataset allows one to build 3D building models, as well as detect building defects. Geometric dataset can also be combined with a real photo taken by TLS. Manufacturers of TLS use two different principles for distance measurement between the sensor system and its target. The first principle is time-of-flight (TOF) and second is phase-shift (PS). The power of the energy in both types of rangefinders might be absorbed or reflected in a slightly different way.

This paper presents the radiometric information analysis of point cloud captured by two different types terrestrial laser scanner (TOF and PS) in the context diagnostics measurements of buildings and structures.  The test results clearly show that intensity data captured by PS scanners provide much more useful information about the surface imperfections of buildings compared to the intensity data captured by TOF scanners.

Biography:

Chukwugozie Ejeh has completed his Masters of Science in Advanced Mechanical Engineering from the University of Leeds, United Kingdom and currently pursuing his PhD in Mechanical Engineering at Khalifa University of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirates. He currently occupies the position as a Graduate Teaching/Research Assistant with Khalifa University. His research interest includes Structural analysis of engineering materials, mechanical testing, Fluid mechanics and Reservoir simualtion. He has a fast growing researcher in his field with morethan seven (7) publications in scientific journals. Moreover, he is a reviewer with SN Applied Sciences journal, SpringerNature.

Abstract:

Thermal stress on engineering materials is one of the major cause for failure in engineering structures. Limited work has focused on investigating the effect of increasing heat-induced thermal stresses to the yield strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material. Layer-wise approach through finite element analysis (FEA) was used to facilitate achievement of the objective function. This paper aims at investigating the thermo-elastic behaviour of a composite shell under varying heat power measured in Watt. Furthermore, coupling the thermal and mechanical system, and the application of a non-linear solver created an interaction between the boundary condition and material structure. The deposited beam heat power was modelled and implemented through heat transfer in shells physics with COMSOL Multiphysics software. The heat power intensity was varied between 10 to 100W, and further increased to 200W using other case composite formulations to test their structural integrity under similar scenario. The beam was focused at the centre of the laminate (= 0.15m) composed of six (6) layers arranged in different stacking sequences. Post-processed results depicts that the material deformed non-linearly along fiber direction. The deformation was more pronounced along the fiber direction compared to in-shear mid-plane of the laminate. One information that can be obtain from the result is the ability for composite material to regain its original shape gradually whilst distributing the stress evenly across other parts of the laminate. Using carbon fiber was doped with silicon carbide (SiC), and using resin bonded glass fiber, yielded different results. An enhanced thermo-elastic behaviour of the material was achieved with carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix. It was observed to absorb the thermally-induced stress and distribute evenly across other sections of the composite shell. Hence, regained its original shape faster that its counterpart. Notwithstanding, the FE model was validated with experiments.